A new Aircraft in certificated in the “Normal” category is usually certified to a limit of the load of 3.8 G of force.
This ensures that the Aircraft until subjected to 3.8 G should not display any unusual behavior in attitude and will always be in positive control of the Pilot, including Airframe limitations.
These figures are meant for the Civil Pilots and they further provide a safety buffet margin of 50%, which is not included in supplements like Flight Manuals etc. since these figures are meant for the usage of Civil Pilots, which varies significantly in experiences, techniques skills and methods, not to mention the effect of the fatigues experienced by the ageing fleets of the Aircraft generally operated by Civil Pilots.
This means the Aircraft should be able to withhold a 50% G force more than 3.8G which is 1.9G, making it 3.8G +1.9G=5.7G.
This safety buffet of 50% is never mentioned in the Flight manuals and is originally applicable to be used by Test Pilots, who are highly trained and are more alert for any deviation with a brand new Aircraft out of the factory.
Therefore this safety buffet of 50% should never be taken as an excuse to overload the airplane or to exceed the specified limitations, since the fatigue experienced by the Aircraft due to its ageing fleet as well as Metal Corrosion due to all weather flying in the practical scenario and of course all Aircraft have some dents on their wings as well which change the Aerodynamic shape of the aerofoil, giving a very light but considerable drag.
These all effects combined invariably reduce the safety buffet to a great extent.
Since we all know that in Aviation we go by the rules and numbers and respect them, because they are constantly changed due to someone’s mistake in the past, we don’t want these rules to be changed again due to us.
This means the Aircraft should be able to withhold a 50% G force more than 3.8G which is 1.9G, making it 3.8G +1.9G=5.7G.
|
Climb Gradients has four segments as follows- 1st Segment- V2 at 35 ft to gear up with the ROC. 2nd Segment-V2 @ 2.4% Minimum Gross gradient to min 400 feet. 3rd Segment- Accelerate, retract flaps to VBG (Best Climb Speed) Max Continous power and 1.2% ROC available. 4th Segment- Climb to 1500 ft above ground level @ 1.2% minimum.. |
RTOW charts takes accounts of all 4 Flight Segments.
General chart takes accounts of only up to 2nd Flight Segment of fit path.